Polypropylene sutures (PP) are already used in surgery. Because microbial infection leads to complications, we developed antimicrobial PP suture by plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid followed by chitosan binding on the remaining carboxyl groups. Mechanical properties and surface morphologies were analyzed on these sutures. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) or nanosilver (NS) was then immobilized to PP. The resulting PP sutures evidenced drug release properties and antimicrobial activity in vitro. PP implanted in vivo for 30 days in the muscle of rats showed the absence of adverse effects and a tissue organization. This new polypropylene suture with suitable antimicrobial features appears to be a promising macromolecular material for clinical and cosmetic applications.